Economics History Essay Example for Free

Economics History Essay During the 1980s Mexico experienced what Latin American social scientists call a change in its development model. Gone is the import-substitution industrialization model that characterized Mexico since the 1930s. Instead, Mexico has become an open economy in which the states intervention is limited by a new legal and institutional framework. Under the new model, the tendency is for the market to replace regulation, private ownership to replace public ownership, and competition, including that from foreign goods and investors, to replace protection. Nothing illustrates the change in strategy more vividly than the pursuit of a free trade agreement with the United States, first mentioned by Salinas in June 1990, and the constitutional reform of land distribution and the ejido system adopted at the end of 1991 (Watling, 1992). What prompted this change in development strategy? Mexico had taken a risk in the 1970s by borrowing heavily in world capital markets and indulging in over-expansive policies, and then paid dearly when oil prices fell and world interest rates rose. Adjustment to the new circumstances required a policy that would increase net exports, generating foreign exchange to service the external debt. Because the government, not the private sector, owed most of the external debt, fiscal policy also had to change in order to increase revenues and cut noninterest expenditures. The restoration of growth required changes that would build confidence and encourage private capital inflows by means other than commercial bank loans, which were no longer available. Finally, to make the economy more flexible and competitive in a global context, the rules that governed the flow of goods and investment had to change. In mid- 1982Mexico was in a deep economic crisis. The international environment was adverse to a Mexico saddled with foreign debt. World interest rates were high, the price of oil, Mexicos main export, was falling, and commercial banks had stopped lending. This unfavorable international environment exacerbated the consequences of domestic imbalances and contributed to rampant inflation, capital flight, and chaos in the financial and foreign exchange markets. To confront the internal imbalances and accommodate the adverse external conditions, Mexico was compelled to adjust its expenditures, reorient its output, and find new ways to foster growth. In the early 1990s Mexico gained recognition as a country successfully managing economic adjustment and reform. Inflation slowed, flight capital was returning, domestic and foreign investment was rising, and per capita output began to grow. The path to recovery, however, had been far from smooth. Well into the late 1980s, analysts wondered why Mexicos recovery was so slow despite the sound macroeconomic policies and structural reforms it had instituted. The slow recovery imposed high social costs on the Mexican population, as per capita real disposable income fell on average by 5 percent a year between 1983 and 1988. For some six years the Mexican government focused economic policy on restoring stability, particularly on lowering the rate of inflation and keeping the loss of international reserves in check. It finally succeeded in 1988, when inflation decreased from monthly averages close to 10 percent at the beginning of the year to about 1 percent by years end. However, growth did not follow. Only a combination of more decisive external support and a shift in Mexicos development strategy managed to produce a turnaround. The changes regarding the role of the state in economic matters and the countrys economic interaction with the rest of the world are particularly striking. Reforms sought to reduce state intervention and regulation so as to open new investment opportunities, build business confidence, and create a more flexible and efficient incentive structure. These reforms have called for substantial modifications in the legal and institutional frameworks of the economy that will shape the country for decades to come. In the late 1970s, on the mistaken assumption that the rise in world oil prices and the availability of cheap external credit would continue, the Mexican government engaged in a spending spree. The resulting fiscal deficit increased inflation rates and the trade deficit. The fiscal and external gaps were filled with external borrowing. In 1981, when the price of oil began to fall and external credit became more expensive and of a shorter maturity, the Mexican government failed to implement fiscal and relative price adjustments to adapt to the new, less favorable conditions. Fear of an imminent devaluation of the peso fueled capital flight, and a large nominal devaluation followed in early 1982 (Banco de Mexico, 1983). As inconsistent policies were pursued, the macroeconomic environment became increasingly chaotic. Capital flight continued, and as reserves were depleted and no more credit was available to service debt payments, in August 1982 the Mexican government had to declare an involuntary moratorium on its debt, triggering a debt crisis that soon acquired global proportions. Tensions between the private sector and the government peaked in September 1982, when the government announced the nationalization of the banking system (Banco de Mexico, 1983). When Miguel de la Madrids government came to power in December 1982, it confronted the unenviable task of restoring economic stability in the face of a hostile domestic private sector and reluctant external creditors. In other Latin American countries the political resistance of different social groups expressed in massive strikes or threats of coups added to the climate of economic instability and made the necessary adjustment more difficult. However, Mexicos difficulties cannot be blamed on the political resistance of wage earners or other social groups to absorbing the costs of adjustment. In Mexico, policymakers enjoyed remarkable freedom to act during six years of economic hardship. There were no serious wage conflicts, threats from the military, peasant uprisings, or active guerrilla movements.

Quiz 3 Questions and Answers Essay Example for Free

Quiz 3 Questions and Answers Essay 1. You are installing a network card in a computer that has several devices configured. There is a printer on LPT 1, a mouse on COM 1, a modem on COM 2, and a SCSI host adapter occupying IRQ 10. The computer also has a sound card using IRQ 5. If your network card supports IRQs 3 through 5 and 9 through 11, which of the following IRQs could you set it for in this computer? IRQ7 IRQ3 IRQ10 None of these IRQ4 IRQ5 2. A 100BaseVG network is build on a ______ topology with all computers attached to a hub ring mesh all of these star bus 3. Your network is experiencing heavy traffic and signal attenuation due to long cable distances between computers. Required Result: Correct the signal attenuation problem. Optional Desired Results: Reduce the broadcast traffic that is present on your network. Filter the network traffic to reduce the number of frames transferred across the network. Proposed Solution: Install repeaters between distant segments. Install routers and configure them to filter broadcast traffic. Which results does the proposed solution produce? The proposed solution produces the required result but does not produce any of the optional desired results.. The proposed solution produces the  required result and produces only one of the optional desired results.. The proposed solution does not produce the required result. The proposed solution produces the required result and produces both of the optional desired results. None of these 4. In a Token Ring frame the ______ field indicates whether the frame is a token frame or a data frame. none of these Access Control error checking priority media type 5. Cables attach the individual clients and serves to the MSAU that works like other ____________ hubs switch active passive bridge none of these 6. A token is a special type of ____________ that circulates around a cable ring data transmission frame or packet electrical signals none of these serial signals 7. Managing data on a network depends on traffic control. The set of rules that governs how network traffic is controlled is called: Channels Layers Interface Drivers. Access Methods. 8. You are considering starting a training company that provides on-site classroom instruction to various businesses. Your service will include a temporary networked classroom environment. Assuming that the facilities do not have pre-installed wiring and that the classroom will use 10 or less computers, which topology would require the least equipment and be the easiest to set up and tear down. [Choose the best answer] Star. All of these Ring. Mesh Bus. 9. With the demand-priority access method, the ____________ manage network access by doing round-robin searches for requests to send from all nodes. none of these users routers gateways hubs 10. CSMA/CD is known as a ____________ access method because computers on the network compete for an opportunity to send data poling parallel contention sequential priority 11. Ethernet can use several communication ____________ including TCP/IP protocols data paths channels applications media 12. Typically, the hub of a 10BaseT network serves as a multiport ________. 13. The 100BaseTX topology runs on UTP Category ________ data-grade cable 5 1 2 4 3 14. Because single-segment 10Base2 Ethernet limits would be too confining for a large business, ____________ can be used to join Ethernet segments and extend the network to a total length of 925 meters (about 3035 feet). none of these 4 repeaters 5 repeaters 2 repeaters 3 repeaters 5-4-3 rule The thinnet 5-4-3 rule: 5 segments, 4 repeaters, and 3 populated segments 15. Wi-Fi Wireless networks use _________ access method. Demand priority Token Bus CSMA/CA CSMA/CD Token Ring 16. Access methods prevent ____________ access to the media. preemptive None of these slow random simultaneous 17. A standard ethernet network can combine as many as ____________ cable segments connected by four repeaters, but only three segments can have stations attached. 6 none of these 3 4 5 18. A 10Base5 topology is also referred to as ____________. standard ethernet 802.3 Thicknet all of these 19. Token passing is deterministic, meaning that a computer cannot force its way onto the network as it can in a ______ environment CSMA/CD Polling Demand priority CSMA/CA Switching 20. Which type of network media-access method do IBM LANs with Multistation Access Units employ? CSMA/CA. CSMA/CD Beaconing Token passing. None of these 21. The trailer of a packet contains the destination address False True 22. In the IBM implementation of Token Ring, a star-wired ring, the actual physical ring of cable is in the ________. MSAU all of these none of these hub Repeater 23. When using the CSMA/CA access method, a computer waits until the network is quiet and then transmits its data. If two computers transmit at the same time, the data will collide and have to be re-sent. If two data packets collide, both will be destroyed. False. True 24. Ethernet relies on the ____________ access method to regulate traffic on the main cable segment CSMA/CA CSMA/CD all of these Token Ring Demand Priority 25. MSAUs were designed to sense when a ________ fails and to disconnect from it. Hub Cable NIC Network Computer CPU 26. Which access method is used, when each computer communicates only with a hub. The hub then controls the flow of data a. CSMA/CD b. CSMA/CA. c. Token Bus. d. Token Ring e. Demand priority c only a only both c and d e only b only d only 27. With data masses divided into _______, individual transmissions occur more frequently so that every computer on the network has more opportunities to transmit and receive data. bits messages frames or packets files bytes 28. In a packet, the header usually contains an error-checking component called a CRC True False 29. Which access methods is used, when each computer must wait to receive a token before it can transmit data. Only one computer at a time can use the token. a. CSMA/CD b. CSMA/CA. c. Token Bus. d. Token Ring e. Demand priority both c and d c only e only d only both a and b 30. A Token Ring network is an implementation of IEEE standard ____________. 802.4 802.2 802.11 802.5 802.3 31. Which of the following network access methods sends a signal indicating its intent to transmit data on the wire? [Choose the best answer] CSMA/CD Token passing. Beaconing CSMA/CA. None of these 32. If you must configure a network for three mission-critical servers and want to provide a highly fault-tolerant cabling scheme, which topology would you implement? [Choose the best answer] Star. Bus. Mesh None of these Ring. 33. With the token-passing access method, only one computer at a time can use the token; therefore, there are no _______. broadcastings contentions collisions all of these collisions and contentions 34. A packet (frame) components are grouped into sections: _________. CRC data header all of these trailer 35. When an IBM Token Ring network is full, adding another ____________ can enlarge the network MSAU all of these repeater Hub 36. With CSMA/CD, if there is data on the cable, no other computer may ____________ until the data has reached its destination and the cable is clear again transmit and receive none of these receive transmit 37. With more traffic on a CSMA/CD network, ____________ tend to increase, slowing the network down broadcasting all of these transmissions collisions unicasting 38. Fast Ethernet is another name for the ____________ topology 100BaseX all of these 100BaseFX 100BaseT4 100BaseT 39. The 10BaseT topology is an Ethernet network that uses _________ cable to connect stations Coaxial UTP and STP STP UTP Fiber 40. Packets (Frames) may contain session-control codes, such as error correction, that indicate the need for a ______. unicast recall stop transmission retransmission broadcast 41. Your network is experiencing heavy traffic and signal attenuation due to long cable distances between computers. Required Result: Correct the signal attenuation problem. Optional Desired Results: Reduce the broadcast traffic that is present on your network. Filter the network traffic to reduce the number of frames transferred across the network. P roposed Solution: Install repeaters between distant segments. Which results does the proposed solution produce? The proposed solution produces the required result and produces both of the optional desired results. None of these The proposed solution does not produce the required result. The proposed solution produces the required result but does not produce any of the optional desired results.. The proposed solution produces the required result and produces only one of the optional desired results. Check with Prof 42. Which of the following is most likely the problem if the operating system is unable to detect the network card? (Choose the best answer) Wrong frame type is set on the network card Wrong IRQ is set on the network card Wrong IRQ is set on the IDE controller card Wrong protocol is bound to the network adapter 43. Wireless networks use _______ topology mesh all of these star bus ring 44. In the demand-priority access method, transmissions are not ____________ to all other computers on the network multicast routed unicast all of these broadcast 45. When a frame returns to its sending computer, that computer ____________ the frame and puts a new token back on the ring. copies writes reads removes none of these 46. Every network interface card sees all packets sent on its segment, but it interrupts the computer only if the packet address matches its individual address True False 47. Typically, Ethernet is a baseband architecture that uses a _________topology all of these star mesh bus ring 48. The maximum length of a 10BaseT segment is ____________ meters 138 1000 500 250 100

Health and Safety Regulations in Hotels

Health and Safety Regulations in Hotels As the facilities Manager of our hotel that I am very concerned about the lack of awareness of safe working practices amongst our employees. Therefore, this presentation will help them to understand and practice health and safety regulations at workplace. This presentation helps to ensure that our hotel operation run well and meet our customers expectations as well. But I should keep our hotel functioning at its best and want to assure that you work safe and healthy at the hotel. It can be seen that all legislation regarding to health and safety regulations have been developed since 1970s to ensure that management responsible for providing and maintenance of adequate policies and standards. Under the common law assure that employers have a duty of care about their employees who work at workplace. It is very important of having health and safety regulations at workplace. Because, employer fails to take care of an employee means that employee may have a number of claims. It would include the ability to resign and claim constructive unfair dismissal and claiming personal injury as well. The necessity of Health and Safety regulations This chapter draws the attention of the necessity of health and safety regulations. Health and Safety regulation may help various ways to business. It can be highlighted that the one of the main reasons of the necessity of health and safety regulations is to ensure that the work premises is running safely thus reducing accidents at workplace. One of the biggest risks for hotel workers is ergonomic injury from strains, sprains, and repetitive work. It helps to protect workers back and limbs by practicing safety regulations when performing your job functions. On the other hand every persons objective should be to maintain the maximum level of health and safety in the hotel. There are regulations and rules that manage this issue. Each employee of the hotel should be made aware of these rules and regulations. It is to say that once the hotel workers read through the health and safety regulations they realize that most of those are common sense. The knowledge about these regulations would help them to know how to react if there is a crisis. As the hotel management, that would not enough to give our employees to read down the health and safety regulations. We should encourage them to practice it. The best way is to practice this by example. If this practice starts right from the top level of the hotel it spreads down to the entire employee. It should be mentioned that this is vital for the well being of the hotel workers. Once hotel employees make understand that these health and safety regulations are for their wellbeing and benefit them will be more willing to act in accordance with hotel management. All these health and safety regulations are a must in the workplace which is required by law. Importance of health and safety within the hotel environment It should be mentioned that health and safety is one of the most important part within the hotel premises. Keeping poor level of health and safety leads to accidents and illness and significant costs for our hotel. Successful health and safety regulations practice means that improve our hotel reputation with hotel customers, regulators and our own hotel staff. We have both legal and moral obligation to ensure that our employees work in healthy and safely at the hotel. Hotel management cannot force workers to work in an environment where their wellbeing is risk. On the other hand those hotel workers are both healthy and safe during their working hours. Injured or sick hotel workers lead to drop in service and a subsequent loss of profits. Good health and safety practices successfully pay for themselves as service keep remain from minimising insurance costs, disruption, the hotel workforce remains contended and customers also are happy with hotel service. The hotel workers need training in specific areas. For example, workers may need to learn how to handle and dispose of cleaning liquids. On the other hand all supervisors also may need to deliver health and safety policies towards our hotel employees. Key health and safety issues in the hotel Safety Audit Safety audit is able to identify the possible problems before they have an impact on hotel safety. Its object is to reveal the strengths and weakness, to determine areas of non tolerable risk and devise rectification measures. Safety audit is able to ensure compliance with all current regulations related to safety and health at workplace. The main object of safety audit is to collect information, using a predetermined protocol or a checklist, whether how workplace safety services are currently going on. The safety audit can cover the particular aspects or whole system. It is important to hold this safety audits that helps to highlight all positive and negative aspects of safety in the workplace. Safety audit may include the current system in workplace to control hazards, the record of incidents at the workplace and a physical inspection of the premises. Finally, that would help to report findings, as well as suggestions to improve the current safety policy and system. Benefits of safety audit at the Hotel Safety audit mainly evaluate hotels safety services. On the other hand it can cause to great cost savings by injuries at work. According to Roger regular safety audits are very important to minimizing risks and safety hazards in the workplace. Process of the safety auditing Method Review of documentation Interviews with staff Observations by the audit team. Outcome Benefits Observations and recommendation Conclusions substantiated with references Minimising risk and hazards Cost savings HASAWA and its importance for our hotel service HASAWA Health and safety at work act considers both physical and mental well being of employees, and freedom from risk of injury. Main object of the act can be outlined as health, safety and welfare of persons at work.It is clear that this act mainly focuses on employees at workplace. Not only workers, it protects persons other that persons at work, against risks to health or safety arising out of or in connection with the activities of persons at work. The act refers to control the keeping and using of explosive or highly flammable or otherwise dangerous substances, and generally preventing the unlawful acquisition, possession and use of such substances. On the other hand HASAWA control the emission into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive substances. I would disclose the duties of employers at workplace. The act provides that employer has duty of care about their employees. It can be clearly understood according to the chart below. Duties of Employer On the other hand it should be cited that employees also have to follow the duties and responsibilities which is under Health and Safety at Work Act. It is clearly cited below table. Responsibility of employee Hazard Spotting Hazard spotting is one of the most important things in the hotel. It will be of benefit to our hotel, staff and our guests as well. Therefore, I would like present and suggest action to be taken to resolve hazard spotting in our workplace. This would cover as many hazards as possible. To get reduce hazards in our hotel you will need to walk through our hotel, speak to employees. It is important that paperwork alone will not prevent injuries. It is very important to take action once a hazard has been identified. Therefore, I suggest taking action to prevent any hazards in many areas in the hotel premises. It is easily identify hazards that you may have not been previously identified once you work through the hotel. Hazard spotting involves looking for possible issues such as changes in working processes, temporary trip hazards, make sure only approved chemicals are used, etc. Any new hazards that you are found can then be dealt with either immediately or, if this is not possible, brought to the attention of the hotel administration. It is to be mentioned that there should be specify Hazard spotting exercises to conduct throughout the hotel regularly. Therefore, Nominate few persons who should be responsible for conducting the Hazard Spotting exercise Each one should be familiar with the area which the carry out the Hazard Spotting exercises Each Hazard Spotting need to be noted down with any new hazards as well Keeping a hazard spotting records which can be accessed by online. Use a checklist and make hazards list that you can see Accident reporting It is legal requirement that keeps a record of injuries in the hotel using an accident book. Employer must report certain serious workplace incidents to the hotel authorities. Accident reporting records must keep for at three years. As we employer that we have to provide an accident book for our staff and that should easily be understood. As you are the employer of work premises you are required to report some types of work-related diseases, accidents, and dangerous occurrences. Reporting ill health and accidents at workplace is a legal requirement under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences. Gathering information helps to Health and Executive and the Local Authority to recognize how and where risks arise and to prevent reoccurrence and prevent further suffering and pain to employees. Legal requirements ask to report a death, a major injury, an over three day injury, a work related disease, a dangerous occurrence and where a member of the public is taken directly to the hospital. Reporting accidents are required in time limit and it is vary depending on the severity. A major injury or where the accident has resulted in someones death need to be reported immediately. Over three day injuries need to be informed within ten days. It is noted that a work related diseases must report after the doctor diagnosis it. I have provided a sample of accident report form that would be getting clear picture about reporting accident.   ACCIDENT REPORT FORM Details of person injured: Surname  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Forenames  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Age  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   DOB Department  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Position Held Date of Accident  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Was Accident Reported in Accident Record Book? How did Accident Occur? Nature of Injuries Was First Aid given?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By Whom? Was Injured Person sent to Doctor, Medical Centre or Hospital? (Give Details) If so, accompanied by whom? Name(s) of Witness(es) of the Accident Any Previous Accident which may have been due to same cause Was Accident caused or contributed to by any defect in working conditions or premises or the conditions   of the furniture, equipment or tools used? Signature of person reporting the accident   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Date The Health Safety Policy I would like explain about safety policy. It is to mention that we must have a written policy of safety. We are a hotel who has employees more than four. It is to say that health and safety policy should be available for our staff. On the other hand safety policy must be reviewed regularly. (eg: annually) meaning of policy in place in order to establish who is responsible for what aspects of safety in our hotel. It is an important duty of this hotel to ensure that our employees work under a safe and healthy environment. An effective health and safety policy requires the full co-operation and collaboration of all employees. I suggest all the hotel staff read this policy and accept their own personal responsibilities for safety at work. I would like to write down some responsibilities both hotel management and its employees. Responsibilities of management of the hotel; to maintain the principles of relevant legislation to ensure the safest systems of work and a safe, healthy working environment by consultation and joint involvement of management and employees, to enlist the active interest, participation and support of employees in promoting good standards. Responsibilities of the hotel employees; to take all reasonable care for the health and safety of him/herself and of fellow employees and to report any hazard which cannot be controlled personally to co-operate with the organisation by observing safety rules and complying with any measures designed to ensure a safe and healthy working environment. The role of safety co-ordinator is of vital importance for maintaining a continuous and critical scrutiny of working conditions throughout the workplace, reviewing safety performance and promoting safer working. The managing director accepts ultimate responsibility for health and safety within the organisation as a whole. All managers and employees generally are expected to support and implement this policy wholeheartedly. HACCP HACCP refers to prevent any kind of hazards that would be caused for food-borne illness by applying science based controls. It enables you to show your commitment to food and customer satisfaction. HACCP is an international principle defining the requirements for effective control of food safety. HACCP is built on seven key principles: hazard analysis, critical control points identification, establishing critical limits, monitoring procedures, corrective actions, verification procedures and record-keeping and documentation. Hazard analysis analysis of chemical, physical and biological food hazards Critical control points identify the critical points at the raw materials, processing, storage, distribution and consumption steps Establishing critical limits establishment of critical preventive measures and control limits, eg: minimum cooking time and temperature Monitoring procedures observing of these control points Corrective actions establishment of corrective actions Verification procedures Record keeping record; and Record-keeping and documentation Systematic and regular auditing of the systems in place by independent third party certification bodies. All those measurement can be maintain HACCP in workplace easily. Summary It can be seen that health and safety is good for hotel employees and the hotel as well. If employees are getting sick or injured that could result in time and money being wasted. We have planned to place the health and safety regulations in a variety of areas where the hotel employees can read them easily. Once you realize that these regulations are for your well being and benefit you will be more willing to comply with the hotel. It means we have been successful in cultivating a culture of health and safety at the hotel. It is to be advised to practice safe ergonomic principles when performing your job functions. Furthermore, keep your body and back straight and neutral while you work. Read the safety data sheets and labels to know the hazards and safe work practices for the chemicals products you use. It is important that you get training and inspect your cleaning and maintenance tools before use. The above recommendation and evaluations are general guidance only and should not be relied upon for legal compliance purposes. Therefore, you have an obligation to practice them for benefit of the hotel, customers and yourself.

Brown v. Board of Education v. Today :: Comparative Essays Papers

Brown v. Board of Education v. Today Whenever I walk into Foellinger Auditorium, it’s usually to attend my econ lecture, but this time is different. I’m not going to listen to a lecture about how the economy works, but instead to listen to a family that caused the nation to rethink the educational system. The famous Brown family was going to give a talk about the famous case that carried their name and forever put them in history. The Brown v. Board of Education decision eliminated segregation in public schools, an injustice that so many African-Americans fought to end not only in public schools, but also public places. The Brown v. Board of Education decision was a step into the future where African-American and Caucasians could intermingle rather than be separated just because of race. Segregation in the early 50’s had finally reached the end of its journey and a new law was made to ban segregation and promote integration. Walking into the auditorium, conversations about the excitement of the Brown sisters giving a talk about the historical decision, politics, sports, and other everyday conversations could be heard. The auditorium filled with people of different ethnic groups, mainly Caucasians but several African-Americans came to hear the true story behind Brown v. Board of Education. I would have to say about 60 percent of the people were Caucasians, 25 percent African-Americans and the other 15 percent were either Asians or Hispanics. People of all ages came to hear what the Brown sisters had to say; some as young as the age of seven and some as old as in their late 60’s. Children, undergrad students, grad students, professors, as well as people with other professions filled the auditorium, with undergrad students making up most of the people who attended. However, the auditorium was not full or as filled as one would expect knowing that the Brown family was going to discuss the Brown v . Board of Education decision, a disappointing reality. The long awaited talk finally started a few minutes after four. Susan Fowler, co-chairman of the Brown v. Board commemoration, started by introducing the ten winning students who wrote to Linda Brown expressing their feelings about the Brown v. Board trial and decision. She then talked about how Project 500, established in 1968, recruited African-American students to the University of Illinois campus as a way to make the campus more diverse; project 500 was a direct result of Brown v.

Autonomy and Responsibility The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bombs on Ja

Autonomy and Responsibility The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan Along with being a world superpower comes a long list of resposiblilities. One such responsibility is the decision of how to deal with other nations when they get out of line. People will always point fingers at who they think is at fault when a nation has to go to war with another. One such example of this is when the United States was brought into the Second World War because of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. By becoming involved in World War Two, the U.S. had to fight Japan, which led to the most important decision of the century. This decision was whether or not to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This decision was mainly placed on the shoulders of President Harry Truman. Truman did not jump to the idea of using the atomic bombs on Japan right away. In fact, he and other military officials came up with a few strategies for invading the Philippines initially (1, 17). Some military officials first proposed creating a blockade in the Pacific with carriers (1,18). Another plan was a two-phase amphibious assault on the island of Kyushu (1,18). In this plan the first landing would be followed by a larger second invasion (1,19). With this plan, though, it was estimated that Japan would not surrender until late 1946 (1,21). Also, it meant the use of British troops, and Great Britain could not afford to spare any because of the campaign in Europe (1,21). This meant that far too many lives would be lost on both sides, with a startling amount of half a million on the American side. By now the idea of using the first atomic bomb on Japan was being born. Due to the difficulty of fighting the Japanese in the Philippines, partially because of... ...deal world no bombs would be needed at all because there would be no wars,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.but lets face the fact that that will never happen. There will always be conflicts between nations that can only be resolved through war. Works Cited 1)Fogelman, Edwin. Hiroshima: The Decision to Use the A-bomb. New York: Scribner. 1964. 2)Lifton, Robert Jay. Hiroshima in America. New York: Putnam's Sons. 1995. 3)Sherwin, Martin J. A World Destroyed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 1975. 4)Skates, John Ray. The Invasion of Japan: Alternative to the Bomb. Columbia: University of South Carolina. 1994 5)Hiraoka, Takashi. "Hiroshima" August, 1998. Online posting. 5 Feb. 1999 < http://www.igc.apc.org/napf/hiroshima98.html>. 6)Bernard, Tony. "Atomic Bombs" 1995 Online Posting. 3 Sep. 1997 < http://www.city.hiroshima.jp/City/ABombDamage/01.html>

The Reporter & the Screenwriter Essay examples -- Analysis, Nathanael

The late Steve Jobs in his 2005 commencement address at Stanford University eloquently traced the imprint of a calligraphy class he had taken at Reed College years before to the creation of today’s worldwide standard in computer typography. Esteemed architect Frank Gehry can trace the imprint of his college job working in a museum to his current success, and moreover can trace the imprint of a different piece of art to each one of the buildings he has created. President Bill Clinton can trace the imprint of witnessing Martin Luther King, Jr.’s 1963 â€Å"I have a Dream† speech to his decision to devote his life to politics. However, in regards to the novelist and tracing the imprint of their work, it appears the dominate voice echoing through the pages of their novel is life experience. Two such novels that trace their imprint from life experience are Sister Carrie by former newspaper reporter Theodore Dreiser, and The Day of the Locust by screenwriter Nathanael West. In obvious ways Sister Carrie shares its subject matter with the newspaper. As it is well-known, the model for Sister Carrie’s main character is Dreiser’s sister Emma, who fled from Chicago to New York with her married lover after he stole money from the saloon where he worked. Dreiser based the character of Sister Carrie on family experience, but the novel’s origins are journalistic as well as personal. The entire New York City section of Sister Carrie, with its dual emphasis on the glamorous world of the theatre and the miserable existence of the tramp, mirrors actual newspaper stories of both Broadway and the Bowery. Men similar to Hurstwood in his downward spiral could be easily found in the newspaper. Dreiser may have written an article about a trap who, like ... ...dull, heavy labor,† West writes of the transplanted Midwesterner, â€Å"Their boredom becomes more and more terrible. They realize that they’ve been tricked and burn with resentment. Every day of their lives they read the newspapers and went to the movies. Both fed them on lynching, murder, sex crimes, explosions, wrecks, love nests, fires, miracles, revolutions, wars†¦ They have been cheated and betrayed† (West 177-178). The riot at the gala premier at the end of the novel is their revenge on the false promises of movies. Two very different stories written by men who let their life experience trace an imprint through the pages of their novels. Theodore Dreiser with the traces of the who, what, where, when and why of the newspaper reporter and Nathanael West with the traces of montage and dialogue of the screenwriter - both leaving their unending imprint as novelists.

Parenting Children with Severe Difficulties Essay

Becoming a parent needs some planning and preparation—mentally, socially and financially. Depending on various circumstances, parents may not be completely prepared when they have children. Still, having a child with severe disabilities could be shocking for some parents. In such cases, the child will need special care and attention from the parents, as well as from medical practitioners such as doctors and therapists. Parents need to be aware of the condition of the child and look for various ways to help the child become healthy and well. As the child grows up, the nature of stress and difficulties faced by the parents will also change. In addition to the physical needs of the child that the parents must look out for, they will also need to face several psychosocial struggles. According to Hastings and Beck (2004), parents of children with special needs, especially those relating to intellectual disabilities are subjected to stress and mental health-related problems because they need to adapt to social situations. They may experience different emotions depending on the behavior of their child, which they may or may not have control over. Feelings of embarrassment, annoyance and social discomfiture may be felt by the parents in various social settings. 1. Psychosocial Difficulties of Parents of Children with Severe Disabilities Raising a child requires significant investment in time, money and, more importantly, love, tenderness and caring! For a child with severe disabilities, parents may feel overwhelmed with the responsibility they have to bear. Oftentimes, people in the society may view children with disabilities unfairly and may unknowingly look with pity at the children’s parents. Among the psychosocial difficulties of parents are anxiety, depression and anger among others. Some parents find it really difficult to accept that their child has severe disabilities. This denial, then, would backfire and manifest in many ways. In a sense, denial is an escape from responsibility. Parents feel hopeless and unwilling to reconcile what went wrong with the pregnancy or with the disabilities of young children (Lavin, 2001). Anxiety and guilt can also be manifested by parents of children with disabilities. They may blame themselves for what happened and for not loving their children more. They may become conflicted internally—they hover between hating the responsibility thrust on them by their child’s disabilities and at the same feeling guilty that they feel that way. At some point, they may even get angry at the child at the world or at themselves for their child’s situation. Depression may also occur, depending on the gravity of the situation, the social connections of the parents and their ability to cope with the situation. When they are in social situations such as at the mall or in public places, the disabilities of the child may be highlighted and they may feel â€Å"special† as well. If parents are not able to accept the situation of their child and deal with it, they may find it difficult to adjust normally and raise their child well (Olsen & Fuller, 2003). 2. Perception of the Child, the Parents and the Specialists Perceptions and mindsets are powerful. The way that parents view their child with special needs will affect how they treat such a child. While the broader society expects parents to love their children unconditionally, this may be more difficult for some parents. There are parents who may view a child with special needs as a nuisance and an unwanted burden and responsibility. Naturally, such an attitude and perception will resonate in the way that they treat the child. Trained medical practitioners and therapists are able to look at a child with special needs objectively and deliver all the necessary care the child needs. Such caring, however, were arrived at through years of training. This is the reason why parents of children with disabilities sometimes need to go to counseling so as to adjust their perceptions and their view of the situation. The perception of parents are also important for practitioners, special education teachers and other professionals to work with the parents in providing the necessary care and services for the growth and development of the child with disabilities (Bruns & Mogharreban, 2008). If parents and practitioners have the same perception of the child, then it becomes easier for them to work together. As the child grows and interacts with more people in his immediate surroundings and in the broader community where he or she belongs to, collaboration between the parents and the professionals that deliver services for children with special needs becomes even more important. 3. Recommendations for Early Child Intervention Early intervention for children with special needs is necessary so that they, too, could enjoy a normal life. Not because they have disabilities means that they could not contribute meaningfully to the society. In fact, there have been great artists and craftsmen who managed to excel in what they do even with disabilities. Diagnose early. Early diagnosis of the child’s actual situation is very much needed. While a couple may have trouble accepting the reality of their child’s situation, knowing exactly what their child faces will help them get prepared and able to cope with the situation. Consequently, parents should enhance their attitude and perceptions toward the child. If needed, they should seek counseling so that they could better sort through their emotions and deal with any denial, guilt or anxiety they may be feeling. Following such counseling, the parents need to learn how to teach the right behavior to their child. Special education teachers may be able to bring out the best out of children with special needs. Yet, the role of the home and of the parents is still very important in the life of a child with special needs. It is inside the home where behavior is first mimicked, learned and reinforced. Without such learning inside the home, the child will find it difficult to adapt to his world and to the different kinds of people around him. Seeking out schools for children with special needs will also be a good move for the family so as to regulate the child’s behavior early on. 4. How I relate with a child with special needs. It is difficult to imagine myself in the shoes of a child with severe disabilities. But I am sure that I would still have curiosity because of what I see, hear, touch, smell and taste. I would be able to use all of these senses with verifying efficacy. While I may be limited by certain disabilities, that will not take away my senses. As such, I will still manage to use my curiosity to explore my world. As a child, I have felt the warmth of love and care from my parents and from the people that I am close to. Although the parents of a child with disabilities may find the situation of their child difficult, most of the time, they still want the best for their child. If I were growing up as a child with special needs, I would also learn that I have a sense of limitation. Everyone has different kinds of limitations in their lives. The limitations, however, are greater for children with disabilities. I would not help but compare myself with other children since that is a natural part of growing up. That might also be a source of frustration for a child with disabilities. As I put myself in the shoes of a child with disabilities, I could not help but appreciate what I have now. This is not to say that I pity those children with special needs. But it can be difficult—for the child and for the parents. This is why intervention is much needed at an early age when the child’s body and consciousness can be molded rather easily. Any child—with or without disabilities—will always appreciate sincere love and affection, first from parents and then from people around him. Hence, in providing care for them, there should always be a tinge of love and tenderness. Reference Bruns, D. A. & Mogharreban, C. C. (2008). Working With Young Children With Disabilities: Perceptions, Skills, and Training Needs of Head Start Teachers. NHSA Dialog, 11 (1): 54-66. Hastings, R. P. & Beck, A. (2004). Stress Intervention for Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45 (8): 1338-1349. Lavin, J. L. (2001). Special Kids Need Special Parents. New York: The Berkley Publishing Group. Olsen, G. & Fuller, M. L. (2003). Home-School Relations: Working Successfully with Parents and Families. New York: Pearson Education, Inc.