Antimicrobial Activity of Citronella Oil

Antimicrobic Activity of Citronella OilBackground of StudyAccording to Tzortzakis Economakis, (2007) and Arshad et al. (2014), substantial vegetable oils are volatile, complex mixes with arouse a solid tonicity and also structured by fragrant coiffes as secondary metabolites. Essential oil base be retrieved from plant parts such as buds, leaves, wood, bark, herbs, flowers, twigs, seeds and safe and sound growth by extraction technique such as steam distillation, cold pressing or extraction (Calo et al., 2015 Burt, 2004). Bakkali et al. (2008) and Calo et al. (2015) stated that essential oil components consists of 2 groups, terpene compound and aroma compounds. Wijesekara et al. (1997) and Hodges, (2014) also mentioned that terpene hydrocarbons and additionally their oxygenated subordinates, for example aldehydes, acids, alcohols, esters and ketones that presence in essential oils slacken off the unique characters such as antimicrobial properties, antibacterial properties, antioxidant properties and antimycotic agent properties.Citronella oil or scientific names Cymbopogon Nardus L. Randle or C. Winterianus Jowitt is one of the essential oils which is give impactful smell and lemony (Smoron, 2001) with squander blue-green leaves that develop over to a tallness of 1.5 meters tall (Hodges, 2014) and are not entirely oil but less soluble in water (Calo et al., 2015). According to Man et al. (2012) citronella oil is substantially known by its character as mosquito repellent. Besides being mosquito repellent, antimicrobial properties is one of the properties that been investigate latterly (Billerbeck et al., 2001 Victoria et al., 2012). Calo et al. (2015) have summarized that essential oils and their components have been turn out to have ability to control the safety of food and naturally contain active compound that evoke be found in many plants that give ability in reducing microbial appendage in effective ways. Thus this finding plus with negativ e customer attitudes toward food preservatives do the uses of essential oil expanding in demand to be as potential natural antimicrobials. Furthermore, Calo et al. (2015) highlighted that a perfect antimicrobial would be one that is accessible in commodious volumes as a secondary desirable good and safe to consume. Thus, the citronella oil is one of the criteria that suit to be a perfect antimicrobial agent.Based on Environment Protection Agency (EPA), (1997) study, citronella oil is non-toxic and not harmful to human and animals. By inhibition of fungal growth or microbial in products, citronella oil can decrease the danger to human and animal health and make more demand for fruit and vegetable consumption since it can inhibit the growth of this creature. Thus, for this reason it often been proposed to do research in expanding toward the uses of essential oil.Problem StatementFood borne distemper outbreaks that usually caused by microbial have made an attempt in reducing product safety and can affect market demand. It has been assessed that upward of 30% experience the food borne disease (WHO, 2014). Moreover, Acharya et al. (2011) stated that from 250 food-borne diseases microbial infection in foodstuff is the major disorder. Food borne diseases are the aftereffect of ingestion of foodstuffs tainted with microorganisms or chemicals and this can happen at any part in the process from food production line to consumers (WHO, 2014). Results from food borne disease is diarrhea and vomiting, this symptoms executes 1.8 million youngest consistently around the world in 2000 (WHO, 2002). A report by Sharifa Ezat et al. (2013) highlighted that number of cases that been reported as food poisoning caused by contamination of microbial shows higher incidence rate and number of cases compare to other disease such as Dysentery, Tyhoid, Cholera and Hepatitis A within year 2000 until 2009.While in agriculture industry, pathogenic and toxinogenic growth are one of the major issues that can influence cannot still fresh produce but also effect human health, economic loss and ecological security (Ru Li et al., 2013). Not only that, post harvest itself also loss their fresh produce during the supply chain and much of this is because of fungal and bacterial disease (Sivakumar Banos, 2014) for example contamination of genus Aspergillus niger that produce enzymes such as cellulose, amylase and pectinase (Ru Li et al., 2013) that cause food spoilage. Thus to combat this problem especially to control plant pathogenic growths, synthetic fungicides have been utilized because it do not give bad influence on the appearance or nature of the product (Cabral et al., 2013). Unfortunately, broad utilized of synthetic fungicides can affect human and animal that can lead to cancer, toxicity, environmental problem and long degradation period (Cabral et al., 2013 Calo et al., 2015).Antimicrobial chemical is one of the synthetic fungicides that have been used in agricultu re such as aromatic hydrocarbons, benzaimidazoles and sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Fludioxonil which is phenylpyrrole and Pyrimethanil which is anilinopyrimidine are the most popular one that used to control plant disease. Unfortunately, some of these compounds are not biodegradable and unfriendly to nature because it can presence in soil, plants and water also subsequently influence people through with(predicate) food chain relation (Cabral et al., 2013). In spite of the fact that synthetic fungicides have been thought to be the least expensive also best antenna to avoid postharvest disease, the unfriendly effects to nature have reduce their acceptance.Objectives of the StudyThe goals of this study is toTo investigate the antimicrobial activity of citronella oilTo study the applications of citronella oil in foodsTo study the mechanical properties of coated PP deal and the control PP filmScope of StudyIn conjunction with the problem statement and objectives of the study, all a ctivities such as desk study, laboratory activities, data analysis and report writing are conducted in one scope of study. The scope of study can be portrayed asi)Laboratory activitiesPP film preparationWhere the coating solution will be prepared and after preparation of coating solution the PP film will be coated with the coating solution.Fruit sample and E. coli sampleThe PP film that been coated with solution is then tested on the bacteria growth sample and the fruit sample.ii)Data analysisMeasure the zero inhibition zone after(prenominal) the sample left for 5 days the clear zone will be formed around the PP film for the bacteria growth sample. The length of clear zone will be measured.Evaluation on fruit sampleThe PP film that been coated with solution is then tested on the fruit sample by wrapping the fruit sample. The condition of the fruit sample will be evaluated.Mechanical propertiesThe strength of coated PP film and the uncoated PP film will be identifying with an appropr iate machine.iii)Report writingPreparation full reportAfter getting the result from lab test, the discussion of the result will be made and prepared.Presentation of project reportThe study that been made along the semester 1 and semester 2 will be present in front of the panels.